Yonghwan's Blog

NASA Nebula Cloud의 아키텍쳐에 관한 뒤늦은 소식.

몰랐었는데, 한동안 클라우드컴퓨팅이 내 머리속에서 떠나있었나보다. 갑자기 먹먹하다. 심지어는 잘 알던 부분들도 생각이 안난다! ㅋ 역시, "난 이런 사람이다"라고 생각한다고 해서 그 사람이 그런 사람인 것은 아닌가보다. 어쩌면, 내가 뼈속까지 리눅스 사람, 오픈소스 사람이... 지금은 아닐지도 모른다는 무서운 생각마져 든다! ㅋ 잡설 접고,

우연히 어떤 자료를 적다가... NASA Nebula가 ONE(OpenNebula) 기반이었던가 Eucalyptus 기반이었던가 헷갈려서, NASA Nebula 페이지의 Archtecture 그림을 보러 갔다. 엥? 그림이 어디있지? 그러다가 구글링을 통해서 미쳐 인지하지 못했던 뉴스를 접했다. NASA가 Eucalyptus의 반쯤 닫힌 구조에 문제점을 느끼고 아예 그들 고유의 Nova라는 것을 만들었다는... 그리고 그것을 오픈하고, 지금은 OpenStack에 요소로 들어가 있다는... 소식의 요약은 이렇다.

NASA's Nebula cloud descends on Washington • The Register

You can think of Nebula as a version of Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Service (S3) that's used only within the federal government, a service that provides on-demand access to scalable processing and storage resources. It's based on Eucalyptus, the open source cloud platform that's bundled with the latest version of Ubuntu. Eucalyptus. Karmic Koala. You get the picture.

Nebula runs Eucalyptus using Linux and the XEN and KVM open source hypervisors. It also makes use of MySQL and the open source RabbitMQ messaging system, used to communicate between virtual machines and to push information down to end user browsers, according to Rabbit Technologies CEO Alexis Richardson. Richardson's outfit was recently purchased by VMware's SpringSource division.

이랬었는데...

Nasa, Nebula and OpenStack « adventures in cloud computing

NASA are in the process of replacing Eucalyptus with their own Nebula, which is pure open source under the Apache 2.0 licence and part of the OpenStack cloud framework.  I gather that main problem was that Eucalyptus didn’t scale enough for the size of some the projects NASA were considering, but the fact that Eucalyptus was not pure open source has been the subject of some discussion by the open source community.

스케일링에 문제가 있는것도 맞지만, 핵심적으로다가 Eucalyptus가 순수 오픈소스가 아니어서... 뭔가 손을 보는데 한계가 있다는.

OpenStack, Nebula, and Eucalyptus - What's the Deal? - tobym's posterous

For these reasons, the Nebula team pivoted and wrote their entire cloud fabric controller from scratch using C, C++, Python, and Redis, and called it Nova. Nova is now the Compute portion of OpenStack, comparable to Amazon EC2. Around the same time, Rackspace decided to open-source their cloud computing software in a bid to commoditize the complement; their business is "fanatical support", so opening the software stack for cloud services lets them compete with that approach. Rackspace's Cloud Files, a.k.a CloudFS, a.k.a. Swift is now the Storage portion of OpenStack, comparable to Amazon S3.

그래서 맨바닥에 삽질 좀 했고, Nova라는 녀석을 만들어서,...

NASA drops Ubuntu's Koala food for (real) open source • The Register

NASA is dropping Eucalyptus from its Nebula infrastructure cloud not only because its engineers believe the open source platform can't achieve the sort of scale they require, but also because it isn't entirely open source.

NASA chief technology officer Chris Kemp tells The Reg that as his engineers attempted to contribute additional Eucalyptus code to improve its ability to scale, they were unable to do so because some of the platform's code is open and some isn't. Their attempted contributions conflicted with code that was only available in a partially closed version of platform maintained by Eucalyptus Systems Inc., the commercial outfit run by the project's founders.

결국, NASA가 선택한 소프트웨어는 단순히 자신의 용도, 규모를 수용하느냐 마느냐에 의한 것이 아니고 얼마나 열려있는지, 그래서 뭔가 자체적인 수정, 제어, 이런 사용자의 자유도 문제가 해결 가능한 플랫폼이었다는 것! (오픈소스의 의미는 단순히 비용절약, 철학적 문제 뿐만이 아니라 이런 자유도에 있다! 종속되지 않고 정말 원하는 일을 할 수 있는...)

소프트웨어 선택의 우선 고려사항은, 최소한/특히나 그것이 단순한 일반 사용자용, 사무용 제품이 아닐수록, 개방성과 변경 가능성, 발전 가능성, 유연성과 기민성을 가질 수 있는 오픈소스인지 아닌지가 엄청! 중요하다는 결론!

Eucalyptus에 관한 이야기 몇 개 더.

Eucalyptus enables the creation of Private Clouds that can interface with Amazon Web Services API, which they view as the de-facto standard. The Enterprise edition, first released in September 2009, is fully compatible with Amazon EC2 and S3, whereas the open-source version supports almost all functions of EC2 and a limited set of S3. Enterprises can create hybrid Clouds with data and virtual machine images that can be seamlessly accessed from Eucalyptus clouds and Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud and Simple Storage Service.

As I'm sure you've heard by now, Nebula's Infrastructure-as-a-Service layer is powered in major part by Eucalyptus, an open-source software system for managing cloud systems that came out of UC Santa Barbara. The key selling point of Eucalyptus is that it provides API compatibility with Amazon's EC2 web service. This means that creating and managing virtual machines in Nebula will be as easy as using Amazon EC2.

알려진 바와 같이, 우분투 리눅스의 새 버전인 9.10 Karmic Koala는 오픈소스 클라우드 컴퓨팅 플랫폼인 Eucalyptus를 포함하고 있다. 캐노니컬의 진로를 보여주는 예이자, 오픈소스 기반 클라우드 컴퓨팅 사례의 적절한 형태 중 하나. 유칼립투스는 제공하는 기능의 제한으로 인하여 사용을 보류하고 있지만, 분명 의미있는 솔루션 중 하나. 지켜볼 것.

The latest version of Ubuntu Server (9.10) includes the Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud (UEC), which is actually powered by Eucalyptus. The ability to deploy a “cloud” on any server running Ubuntu is really quite amazing, especially given the compatibility of Eucalyptus with Amazon and the plethora of application images available for nearly immediate deployment. It supports both a public and private option, and a hybrid model, and comes replete with management tools designed to make building, deploying, and managing your own personal, private cloud a breeze.

Koalas love eucalyptus, they spend three hours a day munching away on the sturdy plant. Likewise, Ubuntu 9.10 Karmic Koala loves Eucalyptus, the Open Source system for implementing on-premise private and hybrid clouds using the hardware and software infrastructure that is in place, without modification. This allows you to run your own private cloud on your own hardware and infrastructure. Sound interesting? It really is, and this a rocking new feature in the new Ubuntu Server edition.

가상화/클라우드 컴퓨팅 프로젝트 중에서 근래에 가장 관심이 가는 곳이 바로 오픈소스 클라우드 컴퓨팅 플렛폼인 Eucalyptus이다. 대학 연구에서 시작하여 회사 설립까지 이어진 케이스 중 하나인가 보다. 특히, Canonical이 Ununbu의 표준 클라우드 플랫폼으로 점찍기까지 한... 그래서 한 번 더 처다보게 되는 그런 프로젝트다.

한 번 설치해봤다. 그런데 "그 다음은 뭐야?" 이런 느낌? 왜냐하면 그 흔한 Web UI가 없기 때문. AWS의 EC2 호환이라는 점에서도 "그럴만두하나" 케이스이긴 한데... 어쨌든 그렇다. (심지어는 Eucalyptus에서 운영하는 체험 사이트에서도... 별로 체험할 것이 없다는... (아... 사실 문서만 조금 더 읽고 조금만 노력하면 뭔가 쉽게 해볼 수도 있는 구조인데 어쩜 이렇게 게으른가!)

Eucalyptus is an open-source system for implementing on-premise private and hybrid clouds using the hardware and software infrastructure that is in place, without modification.

Eucalyptus adds capabilities such as end-user customization, self-service provisioning, and legacy application support to data center virtualization features, making IT customer service easier, more fully featured, and less expensive.

Eucalyptus - Elastic Utility Computing Architecture Linking Your Programs To Useful Systems - is an open-source software infrastructure for implementing "cloud computing" on clusters. The current interface to Eucalyptus is compatible with Amazon's EC2, S3, and EBS interfaces, but the infrastructure is designed to support multiple client-side interfaces. Eucalyptus is implemented using commonly available Linux tools and basic Web-service technologies making it easy to install and maintain.